Improvised Poetry & Song in the Basque Country

IMPROVISED POETRY & SONG IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY

History and development

Competitions and championships
Masters of improvisation
Becoming a bertsulari

Partners :

Aquitaine BNSA
EJGV

Ditxolari and koplari

We say "Ditxolaria" (pronounce "dee-cho-larry-ah"), "Zirtolaria" (pronounce "seer-tow-larry-ah") and "Testularia" (pronounce "tesh-two-larry-ah") to refer to a person who is able to immediately give a reply which finishes with a word whose final syllable has the same consonance as that said by someone else.

Example: "Erosi diat, to, astoa...". "Beharko duk beraz lastoa !"

Panel of judges at a championship

Very popular with the older generations, there are many Basques who still speak this way today.

With the "kopla", two new factors come into play: song, and therefore rhythm. To sing you need rhythm. And in order for there to be a rhythm, each phrase must contain the same number of syllables.

Compared to the "ditxo", the "kopla" also has another distinctive feature. In the "ditxo", two people usually need to take part since one answers the other. If on top of that, both are "ditxolaris", an entire conversation can be made to rhyme (but not sung).

"Koplas" are however sung alone. "Koplas" are rhythmical and rhyme, and usually have two verses, sometimes three. This form of composition was for a long time the most widespread in the Basque Country. Today it is used namely for cultural events during which there is a collection: on Xmas Eve, New Year’s Eve, the eve of Sainte Agatha, etc.

The "kopla" is also highly prized by "Trikitilari" (musicians who play the accordion and sing at the same time).

It is worth mentioning that the words of pastorales in Soule consist of quatrains which are very often composed of two "koplas".

 

EUSKAL KULTUR ERAKUNDEA - INSTITUT CULTUREL BASQUE

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The guides

You will be accompanied throughout this site by improvisers. During your visit: click on their photos to discover what they have to say.