Improvised Poetry & Song in the Basque Country

IMPROVISED POETRY & SONG IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY

History and development
Competitions and championships

Masters of improvisation
Becoming a bertsulari

Partners :

Aquitaine BNSA
EJGV

History of the Basque Country General Championship

During the 5th Congress of Basque Studies held in Bergara (Gipuzkoa) in 1930, Don Manuel de Lekuona gave a historic speech on Basque oral literature. For the first time, a top academic provided a new perspective on the phenomenon of improvisation until then considered as an almost insignificant form of popular expression. This memorable conference marked the minds of Basque intellectuals and namely that of Don Joxe de Aristimuno, better known in the world of Basque literature as Aitzol.

The winners of the first Basque Country general championship organised in San Sebastián in 1935: on the left the winner "Basarri", in the centre Matxin Irabola from Saint-Pée-sur Nivelle in second place.

In  1930 Aitzol organised the first ‘‘Day of Basque Poetry’’ under the auspices of the Association "Euskaitzaleak" and in which the best poets of that time took part: Lauaxeta, Lizardi, Loramendi, Jautarkol, Zaitegi and Orixe. 



"Although the Basque Country needs great poets, it must also maintain and promote the popular art of improvisation". Manuel Lekuona's theory was supported by Aitzol who did everything he could in favour of improvisation.

He was one of the most dynamic organisers of the first "General Championship of Bertsularis of Euskadi" which was held in a theatre in San Sebastián in 1935. A young 22 year old man, endowed with an extraordinarily quick wit filled the audience with wonder and the panel of judges awarded him the Winner’s Cup and "Txapela" (an immense Basque beret). His name was Iñaki Eizmendi,  he was born in Régil in Gipuzkoa and lived in Zarautz. From then on,  under the stage name of "Basarri", he was present for forty years at all the important contests organised throughout the Basque Country.

In 1936, Txirrita won the Cup. Aged 76, he was an extraordinary improviser. He died the same year.

Final of the 2001 Championship: San-Sebastián velodrome (XDZ)

The civil war put a stop to all Basque cultural movements. The next championship was held in 1960. Basarri was the winner.

In 1962, 1965 and 1967, Manuel Olaizola "Uztapide", Basarri’s favourite fellow improviser took the title off him.

In 1980 the victory of Xabier Amuriza created great surprise. 



Xabier Amuriza (photo.EKE)

Amuriza, after having served a six and a half year sentence for political reasons, became "Champion of Euskadi". He won again in the 1982 Championship.

In 1986 Sebastian Lizaso, a witty and quick thinking genius of irony, won the championship. Unbeatable at debate, Lizaso is the privileged heir to the historic improvisers Txirrita and Pello Errota



In 1989 it was Jon Lopategi’s turn, a bertsulari with a long career behind him, who appeared during Franco’s dictatorship and who was frequently persecuted.  He was a true representative of the Biscay school created around the Enbeita dynasty.

Andoni Egaña (photo.XDZ)

Andoni Egaña, champion in 1993, 1997, 2001 and 2005, attracted to improvisation by Amuriza’s model, has managed to create a personal style: delicate in his form, deep in his reasoning, cultivated in his expression and ironic in his humour.

He is currently a model for many young bertsularis.

 

For further details visit the site of our partner, the "Xenpelar" improviser resource centre

 

 

 

EUSKAL KULTUR ERAKUNDEA - INSTITUT CULTUREL BASQUE

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The guides

You will be accompanied throughout this site by improvisers. During your visit: click on their photos to discover what they have to say.